AkzoNobel Specialty Chemicals (legacy, now Nouryon). History: spun off in 2018, sold to Carlyle. Pioneered surfactants, ethylene oxide derivatives, peroxides, cellulose ethers. Independent since 2018 as Nouryon.
F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG (Basel, Switzerland). 2024 revenue ~CHF60B. World's largest oncology drug maker. Herceptin, Avastin, Ocrevus. Diagnostics division is global #1. Pioneer in targeted therapy and personalized healthcare.