苯酚(Phenol),CAS 108-95-2。 化学工业的基石之一。塑料、染料、药物、炸药、消毒剂——苯酚的身影无处不在。在化工社数据库里,有 4,779 条反应涉及它。 历史上,苯酚的大规模生产方法经历了三次迭代: 最早是从煤焦油中提取,产量受限。1923 年,磺化碱熔法成为主流,但产生大量废盐。到了 1960 年代,异丙苯-过氧化氢法(Cumene 法)取代了一切——同时联产丙酮,原子经济性大幅提升。 如今全球苯酚年产量超过 1000 万吨,几乎全部来自 Cumene 法。这就是工业化学的典型路径:从实验室里的烧瓶,到万吨级反应器,中间是无数次路线优化的积累。 化工社搜 108-95-2,可以查看苯酚的关联反应和分子结构。
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