MilliporeSigma

Carl von Linde invented the first practical air liquefaction process in 1895, enabling industrial-scale gas separation. Today Linde supplies hydrogen for refining and ammonia synthesis, and helium for MRI scanners and semiconductor fabs.

Nutrien mines potash (KCl) from Saskatchewan's massive deposits, formed when ancient seas evaporated hundreds of millions of years ago. Potash supplies potassium — one of three primary plant macronutrients (N-P-K).

Hengli's Changxing Island refinery-petchem complex integrates 20 Mt/a crude refining with 4.5 Mt/a PX and downstream polyester. Full-chain integration from crude to textile fibers maximizes carbon efficiency.